Biomechanical Effect on Jack's Test on Barefoot Position, Regular Socks, and Biomechanics Socks.

The proper dorsal flexion movement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) is crucial for an accurate gait. Restricted movement can disrupt the windlass mechanism, and Jack's test is a tool to assess such alterations. Although running socks are commonly used, their influence on the windlass mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to measure the resistance to passive dorsal flexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) under three different conditions: barefoot, wearing regular socks, and wearing biomechanical socks, using a digital force gauge. METHODS: The research involved a sample size of 30 subjects (14 men and 16 women), and Jack's test was conducted using a digital force gauge and a lever system. Three conditions were measured, barefoot, with a regular sock, and with the biomechanical socks. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed when using biomechanical socks with orthopedic corrections during Jack's test, as measured with the digital force gauge (13.33 N ± 3.54, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The utilization of biomechanical socks with a kinetic wedge, reinforced mesh in the medial longitudinal arch, and padding in the heel area results in a reduction of the force required, measured in newtons, to perform dorsal flexion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) during Jack's test compared to being barefoot or wearing regular socks.

Ecospirituality and Health: A Systematic Review.

Environmental changes are affecting human health. A renewal of the way we understand and relate to the planet is needed. Ecospirituality brings together the terms spirituality and environment and is born as a means of solution to this dilemma. This systematic review aimed to find out the influence of ecospirituality on global health. A search of scientific literature was carried out in the main health science databases. A review was conducted to critically evaluate the studies that identified relevant ecospiritual aspects regarding health care for communities. After a systematic search and screening, and following specified methodological criteria, a total of 14 articles were selected in the review. The findings of the review suggest that a new perspective in our worldview such as ecospirituality will provide us with the necessary keys to improve health. To understand ecospirituality, we must keep in mind the indigenous way of life, which is the clear example to follow to achieve environmental health and global health. Ecospirituality leads to a healthier environment, and as this is directly related to health, there is also an improvement in global health.

A Short-Term Evaluation of Foot Pronation Tendency in Healthy Recreational Runners.

Running is a highly physical activity, and it is related to injuries when there is an excessive pronation of the foot. This study evaluates, from a sample group of healthy recreational runners, if the foot tends to pronate after a period of running activity and when, with respect to a period of running compared to walking, evaluated during several phases: after 30, 45, and 60 min. This quasi-experimental study has been carried out on a total of 36 healthy recreational subjects. The subjects were evaluated during two different activities: running activity for a period of an hour with respect to normal walking activity. The main outcome measures were the foot posture index (FPI) and the navicular drop test (NDT), which were evaluated at p1 (the screening day), after 30 min of activity (p2), after 45 min of activity (p3), and finally after 60 min (p4) during running or walking activity. The analysis showed significant differences for the FPI and NDT variables in both groups and on both feet, comparing p1 and p4. These changes showed a significant relationship comparing p1 and p3 for the FPI variable, and for the NDT variable (p < 0.001) of the left foot and, with respect to the right foot, significance was shown to the FPI comparing the p1 and p2. A significant difference was found in the tendency to pronate the foot after a period of running compared to the same period of walking after 60 min of activity. Running produced an excessive pronation of the foot after 45 min of activity, evaluated with the FPI for both feet.

Comparison of Resorbable and Non-Resorbable Osteosynthesis Material in Hallux Surgery: A Systematic Review.

There are various pathologies that involve the hallux, among which hallux valgus is the most common. When conservative treatment fails, it is necessary to resort to a surgical approach. The fixation elements for osteotomies in the hallux are usually composed of metallic materials; however, today, there are numerous resorbable materials that offer numerous advantages over conventional materials. In this article, the objective is to analyze the scientific evidence through the systematic analysis of the existing literature in relation to the effectiveness of resorbable versus non-resorbable osteosynthesis material in the surgical correction of hallux deformities and compare the complications as well as the patient satisfaction and quality of life between both fixation methods. A systematic review of the literature available in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus databases and 10 studies were included. The documents were chosen following the eligibility and exclusion criteria, including experimental and observational studies evaluated with the Jadad and Newcastle-Ottawa methodological quality scale, respectively. Data were extracted from valid studies for the review, and the variables functionality, pain, angular corrections, complications, satisfaction and quality of life were observed. In conclusion, there is limited scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of resorbable versus non-resorbable osteosynthesis material in the surgical correction of hallux deformities. All observed variables are similar regardless of the surgical technique and osteosynthesis material used.

Pilot Study: The Relationship between Foot Posture and Movement Quality in Non-Professional Male Football Players.

(1) Background: This study focusses on establishing the relationship between quality of movement (based on the functional movement screen, or FMS) and foot posture (based on the foot posture index, or FPI-6). We hypothesised that a poor FMS test score may be derived from the foot position in the space measured by FPI-6. (2) Methods: a quasi-experimental and cross-sectional study was designed to analyse foot posture in 30 healthy football players, using the foot posture index and the functional movement screen. (3) Results: No significant relationships were found between movement quality and foot posture. Poor movement quality is present in more than half of all foot positions, supination, pronation, and neutral. Good quality seems to be more associated with a neutral foot position (23.3%) and supinated (16.6%) than a pronated foot position (6.6%). (4) Conclusions: this study found no relationship between the two tests; therefore, we cannot demonstrate that foot posture is relevant in the quality of the movement of the football players studied.

Management and treatment of ankle sprain according to clinical practice guidelines: A PRISMA systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The lateral sprain of the ankle is a very frequent injury in the population in general, appearing in the emergency services frequently. The general objective was to review the current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on management and treatment of ankle sprains, assess their quality, analyze the levels of evidence and summarize the grades of recommendation. METHODS: A systematic search of the literature in relevant databases with the search terms "ankle," "sprain," "practice guideline," and "guideline" was carried out. There were included those guidelines that had the system of grades of recommendation and level of evidence concerning to management and treatment of ankle sprain. The quality of the guides was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool. RESULTS: Seven clinical practice guides were included in this review. The AGREE II scores ranged from 42% to 100%, with only six CPGs explicitly declaring the use of a systematic methodology. Seventeen recommendations were extracted and summarized. DISCUSSION: Six of the recommendations analyzed present enough evidence to be applied in clinical practice and are highly recommended for ankle sprain management: Ottawa rules, manual therapy, cryotherapy, functional supports, early ambulation, short term NSAIDs and rehabilitation.

Cutaneous Manifestations of COVID-19 in the Lower Limbs: A Narrative Review.

In 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 pandemic. This infectious pathology can be associated with different manifestations in different body systems, among which are dermatological lesions. The purpose of this work is to determine the most frequent dermatological signs, in the lower limbs, produced by SARS-CoV-2. To carry this out, a bibliographic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Google Scholar literature. The inclusion criteria were articles that included confirmed subjects or those with a clinical suspicion of COVID-19, written in the Spanish or English languages, and the results presented clinical manifestations in the lower extremities. Initially, 128 scientific documents were identified and, after reading the title and abstract, 18 articles were selected. The most frequent skin lesions on the lower limbs are acral lesions such as pernio erythema or ischemic lesions, maculopapular rash, petechiae, and erythematous plaques.

Prevention of Peripheral Distal Polyneuropathy in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Background: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most frequent chronic complication and is that which generates the highest disability and mortality in diabetes mellitus (DM). As it is currently the only microvascular complication of DM without a specific treatment, prevention is essential. The aim of this study was to determine the most effective preventive strategy to avoid or delay the appearance and/or development of DPN in patients with DM. Methods: A systematic search was carried out in the main health science databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PEDro and The Cochrane Library) from 1 January 2010 to 31 August 2020. The study selection was conducted by two independent reviewers and data extraction was performed by the author. The eligibility criteria included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and cohort studies from RCTs. Results: Eleven studies were selected that included 23,595 participants with DM. The interventions evaluated were intensive or standard glycemic control, the use of drugs to achieve glycemic control, and the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and exercise. Intensive glucose control achieved a significant reduction in the development of DPN in TIDM patients, and lifestyle modifications and exercise achieved it moderately in TIIDM patients. Conclusions: The main preventive strategy for DPN is intensive glycemic control with a target HbA1c < 6% in patients with TIDM and standard control of 7.0−7.9 in patients with TIIDM, incorporating lifestyle modifications.

Impact of foot health behavior among ethnic minority populations: A cross-sectional population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of the foot health and health behavior and the characteristics of outdoor footwear among minority ethnic groups. DESIGN AND MEASURES: A cross-sectional study design using the Foot Health Status Questionnaire: foot pain, foot function, shoe, general foot health, general health, physical activity, social capacity, and vigor. Outcomes included the self-reported type of outdoor footwear and clinical characteristics by sex were collected in 2019-2020. SAMPLE: A total of 78 Roma participants self-identified as members of this ethnic minority and 72 participants non-Roma were assessed (n = 150). RESULTS: The lower score values was recorded in the footwear and general foot health domains in Roma population. General population obtained higher scores in general health domains. The most common outdoor footwear types were running shoes and walking shoes in non-Roma population, versus flip flops and slippers in Roma population. Clinical characteristics did not show any statistically significant differences (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Roma people wear flip flops and slippers and non-Roma people running shoes and walking shoes. These findings reveal cultural differences that make it easier for the Roma population to experience a greater burden of foot health problems. General foot health and foot pain dimensions show statistically significant differences among ethnicity.

Relationship of the Use of Short Footwear with the Development of Hallux Valgus in a Sample of Andalusian Schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown the relationship between poor footwear fit and the risk of feet deformities. The available evidence seems to show that the development of hallux valgus deformity in the feet of schoolchildren may be related to the use of shoes that are poorly fitting in length. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyze the relationship between poor footwear fit in length and risk of developing hallux valgus. METHODS: Using an instrument that was designed and calibrated for this purpose, maximum foot length was obtained and compared to the inner length of the shoe in 187 schoolchildren. Hallux valgus angle (HVA) was measured on weight-bearing podogram image obtained from the longest foot in 188 schoolchildren. RESULTS: By default, the footwear was poorly fitting in length (too short or close-fitting) in 38.5% of the schoolchildren, with boys having the worst footwear fit; though no significant differences stood out. (p = 0.276). Regarding the HVA, no significant differences were recorded according to age or gender (p = 0.573). A strong correlation was observed between too-short footwear and the increase in HVA in 10-year-old boys (r = 0.817; p = 0.025) and in 9-year-old girls (r = 0.705; p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Inadequate footwear fit in length may be a predisposing extrinsic risk factor for the development of hallux valgus in schoolchildren of both sexes. Results of the present study demonstrate the need to adapt the sizes of footwear to the rapid increase in foot-length that occur at puberty to avoid the risk of developing hallux valgus, especially at the ages of onset pubertal foot growth.

Effect of Phenol Application Time in the Treatment of Onychocryptosis: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: In the treatment of Onychocryptosis, chemical matricectomy with 88% phenol solution is one of the most common surgical procedures due to a recurrence rate of less than 5%, but it may produce a delay in healing time. The objective was to compare the healing time between phenol applications of 30 or 60 s. METHODS: A comparative, prospective, parallel, randomized, and blinded clinical trial was registered with the European Clinical Trials Database. Twenty-seven patients (54 feet) with 108 affected nail folds were randomized and treated with chemical matricectomy with phenol. Each hallux was randomly assigned to one of two groups (60 vs. 30 s phenolization). Each patient and one investigator were blinded to the phenol application time in each foot. The outcome measurements were healing time, recurrence, pain, post-surgical bleeding, inflammation, and infection rate. RESULTS: The 30 s application presents a shorter healing time (14.93 ± 2.81 days vs. 22.07 ± 3.16 days; p < 0.001) with a similar recurrence rate (p = 0.99). Post-operatory bleeding, pain, inflammation, and the infection rate did not show significant differences (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The 30 s phenol application time offers a shorter healing time than 60 s without affecting the effectiveness of the procedure, showing the same rate of complications.

Dental Malocclusion and Its Relation to the Podal System.

Background and Objective: This study analyzes the possibility that Stomatognathic and Postural systems are related by muscle chains. Malocclusion may influence the posture, contact between the foot and the ground, center of mass, footprint or vice-versa. This study aimed to verify whether there is a relationship between dental occlusion and podal system. Materials and Methods: A cross-cutting, descriptive study was carried out on 409 children (222 boys and 187 girls) between 8 and 14 years old. Dental occlusion was assessed on the sagittal plane (Angle's classification) the contact between the foot and the ground and the center of mass were evaluated using a stabilometric platform. Results: There was a statistically significant relationship between the plantigrade phase, the contact surface area and center of gravity. There was a prevalence of molar and canine Angle's class II malocclusion. In molar class II, an anterior center of gravity was predominant, in class I it was centered and in class III, it was posterior. There was significant correlation between malocclusions and the FPI (foot posture index) of the left foot and the height of the scaphoid in the right foot (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Some authors agree with our results. There is still much uncertainty in terms of showing a relationship between both systems. In addition, there is scarce scientific evidence on the topic. Some kind of relationship between the two systems has been proven. Studies that evaluate a group of subjects in a longitudinal manner are necessary to enable the changes taking place in both systems to be defined.

Comparison between customised foot orthoses and insole combined with the use of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in plantar fasciitis, medium-term follow-up results: A randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical results of custom-made foot orthoses versus placebo flat cushioning insoles combined with an extracorporeal shock wave therapy on pain and foot functionality in patients with plantar fasciitis. DESIGN AND SETTING: A randomised controlled clinical trial with follow-up at six months. Faculty of Podiatry and Centre Clinical private of Physiotherapy, Seville, Spain. SUBJECTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Patients with plantar fasciitis were randomly assigned to either group A (n = 42), which received custom-made foot orthoses, or group B (n = 41), which received placebo insoles. All the participants received active extracorporeal shock wave therapy including stretching exercises. Recruitment period was from Mach 2019 to July 2020. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The main outcome was foot pain, measured by visual analogue scale and the secondary outcome measures were recorded by Roles and Maudsley scores respectively, at the beginning and at one week, one month and six months. RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients were assessed for eligibility. Eighty-three patients were recruited and randomised. This study showed significant differences between both groups according to the visual analogue scale. In control group, the difference was at baseline (P 0.01) and, in the experimental group was at the one- and six-month follow-up (P 0.001). The mean (SD) visual analogue scale at baseline were Control group 6.31 (1.69) and Experimental group 5.27 (1.64); and at six months were 7.52 (3.40) and 3.29 (4.26), respectively. The custom-made foot orthosis was perceived as 'good' (85%) and 'excellent' (97.5%) at medium-long term. CONCLUSION: Wearing a custom-made foot orthosis leads to a improvement in patients with plantar fasciitis; it reduced foot pain and improved foot functionality.

Medium-Term Outcomes of Chevron Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus Correction in a Spanish Population: Radiologic and Clinical Parameters and Patient Satisfaction.

BACKGROUND: Chevron osteotomy for mild and moderate hallux valgus obtains good effects. It is suitable for a variety of cases, allowing for a significant degree of correction. This study aimed to investigate chevron osteotomy for the correction of hallux valgus in the medium-term by podiatric surgeons. It considers clinical and radiologic findings and patient perspectives and level of satisfaction. METHODS: Forty-five patients (50 feet) were assessed preoperatively, postoperatively, and at final follow-up. Mean patient age was 59.43 years (range, 32-80 years). The protocols include medical record review, clinical examination, and radiologic assessment. Anteroposterior weightbearing radiographs were analyzed preoperatively and at final follow-up. Clinical effects were analyzed with visual analog scale and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores. RESULTS: Interobserver and intraobserver reliability were evaluated. Mean ± SD hallux valgus angle decreased at final follow-up (25.30° ± 7.21° versus 17.25° ± 10.32°; P = .041). There was no significant reduction in mean ± SD intermetatarsal angle at final follow-up (13.13° ± 3.03° versus 7.65° ± 3.47°; P = .078). Final AOFAS score was 82.08 ± 17.66. This study showed the relevance of magnet therapy, nail surgery, and other procedures. No patient was dissatisfied with the aesthetic scarring. CONCLUSIONS: The radiologic results at final follow-up were not compatible with relapse of the deformity. The definitive clinical results and the degree of patient satisfaction achieved with this technique were favorable from the patients' point of view.

Influence of Dental Malocclusion on Body Posture and Foot Posture in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The number of studies that investigate the correlations between the temporomandibular system and body posture, postural control, or the distribution of plantar pressure has recently been increasing. However, most of the existing information is not conclusive. Therefore, the study objective was to evaluate if the features of dental malocclusion are correlated with body posture alterations at the lower limb level. This is a multicentre cross-sectional study with 289 children (8-14 years). Angle's molar relation was analysed at the dental level. The postural control and the plantar pressure distribution were recorded via a force platform. Correlation and inferential analysis between the Angle class and the foot's biomechanics were tested. The centre of gravity is anteriorised in Angle's Class II in both the molar class (p ≤ 0.001) and the canine class (p ≤ 0.001). Likewise, a relationship was observed between the contact surface and Angle's classes, being higher in class III than in II (p ≤ 0.001). The plantigrade phase is shortened in Angle's Class III. A relationship was found between Angle's Class II and a forward movement of the centre of gravity. No relationship was found between the Foot Posture Index and the truncated scaphoid height and the dental classification. An evident relationship between the gait typology and dental malocclusion was not found.

Foot health among the Roma population of southern Spain according to the foot health status questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: Foot health of the Roma population is a challenge for the health professionals where this minority is significant, as is the case in Spain. At present, little is known about foot health of the Roma population and their knowledge would promote the training of these professionals at the community level. Foot pain is common and a reason for consulting podiatry services. The purpose of this study was to determine foot health among the Roma population according to the Foot Health Status Questionnaire. METHOD: An observational, cross-sectional and quantitative study conducted at the Roma population living in Spain in 2018. Self-reported data and the Foot Health Status Questionnaire were recorded. Examining the general health and foot health (foot pain, foot function, footwear and general health) and general (general health, social capacity, physical activity and vigour). This questionnaire is recommended as a valid and reliable patient-reported outcome. The obtained scores were compared. RESULTS: A sample made up of 624 men and women from the Roma population took part in this study. 45% were Roma men and 55% Roma women. In the first section of the FHSQ, a lower score of values was recorded in the footwear domain (62.5) and in the general foot health domain (60). Gypsy women obtained lower scores in all the domains. In the second section, lower scores were obtained in the vigour (56) domain and in the general health (60) domain. A large effect size (r-Rosenthal) was found by gender in the footwear domain (0.334) and in the vigour domain (0.195). Roma women showed higher values in cardiac disorders, serious illnesses, doctor visits and foot problems. 67.8% reported that they had never been assisted by a podiatrist. CONCLUSIONS: The studied Roma population has foot health problems, and these are more pronounced among women. They show lower values in the footwear and vigour domains. More professional training is required for health workers in this field to avoid cultural diversity stereotypes.

The Treatment of Ingrown Nail: Chemical Matricectomy With Phenol Versus Aesthetic Reconstruction. A Single Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: In onychocryptosis surgery, incisional and non-incisional matricectomy is indicated according to the stage. The chemical matricectomy with 88% phenol solution is the gold standard and a wedge resection is indicated for more advanced stages. The aesthetic reconstruction has the advantages of the incisional procedure without eponychium incisions and an effectiveness similar to the chemical matricectomy with phenol. OBJECTIVE: To compare the recurrence and the healing time between the chemical matricectomy with phenol and the aesthetic reconstruction. METHODS: A comparative, prospective, parallel, randomized, and one-blinded clinical trial was registered with the European Clinical Trials Database (EudraCT) with identification number 2019-001294-80. Thrity-four patients (56 feet) with 112 onychocryptosis were randomized in two groups. Thirty-six were treated with chemical matricectomy with phenol and 76 with aesthetic reconstruction. Each patient was blind to the surgical procedure assigned by the investigator. The primary outcome measurements were healing time and recurrence. The secondary outcome measurements were post-surgical bleeding, pain, inflammation, and infection rate. RESULTS: The aesthetic reconstruction procedure presents a shorter healing time (8.2 ± 1.4 days vs. 21.3 ± 3.1 days; p < 0.001) with a similar recurrence rate (p = 0.98). Post-operatory bleeding, pain, inflammation, and the infection rate did not show significant differences (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The aesthetic reconstruction presents a shorter healing time, favoring the patients' recuperation, with a recurrence similar to the chemical matricectomy with 88% phenol solution.

Variability in the clinical diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

AIMS: The aims of this study are to assess the variability in the prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), according to the diagnostic and clinical guidelines used. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted of 111 patients with diabetes mellitus. The presence/absence of DPN was determined according to 12 different criteria stipulated in various clinical guidelines (ADA 2018, IWGDF 2016, IDF 2012 and CONUEI 2018). The Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) was performed to determine the degree of agreement for DPN diagnosis among the different criteria. RESULTS: The recorded prevalence of DPN ranged from 13.1% (criterion ADA 2018) to 68.5% (criterion IDF 2012). The sensory parameter that was most commonly affected was the non-perception of vibration (68.5%) and the absence of Achilles reflexes (59.4%). IWGDF, based on the use of a monofilament, cotton wisp and tuning fork, was the test with more agreements, presenting good agreement with 2 criteria from ADA 2018 (k=0.845), 1b2 (k=0.817), 2 criteria from IWGDF 2016 (k=0.933), (k=0.817), 1 criteria from IDF 2012 (k=0.845) and 1 criteria from CONUEI 2018 (k=0.860), all p<0.001. CONCLUSION: The IWGDF criterion based on the use of a monofilament, cotton wisp and tuning fork for the diagnosis presented the highest level of concordance with the other criteria (>0.8).

Modificación del índice de postura del pie en pies neutros y pronados bajo efecto de fatiga / Modification of the foot posture index in neutral and pronged feet under the effect of fatigue / Mudança do índice de postura do pé em pés neutros e pronados sob efeito de fadiga

OBJETIVO: Se pretende analizar la modificación de la postura de los pies al ser sometidos a una situación estresante para la musculatura del miembro inferior, y valorar la capacidad de recuperación de esos pies tras un período de descanso. MÉTODO: Se determinó el Índice de Postura del Pie (FPI-6) en 63 sujetos adultos sanos y fueron sometidos a una prueba de "saltos continuos con contramovimiento de 30 segundos de duración". Después, se valora el FPI-6 de cada sujeto, así como tras 15 minutos de descanso. RESULTADOS: Hubo cambios estadísticamente significativos en la postura del pie en ambos grupos al relacionar las tres situaciones experimentales (antes e inmediatamente después de la prueba y tras descanso). Dichos cambios presentan una magnitud del efecto fuerte entre los momentos basales y post, y entre post y descanso; mientras que es débil entre los momentos basales y descanso. Tras la prueba, existe un aumento del valor del FPI-6 respecto a la situación inicial. Tras el descanso los cambios observados fueron significativos en relación a los obtenidos tras la prueba con disminución del valor del FPI-6, aunque no volvieron a los valores iniciales previos a la prueba. CONCLUSIONES: La fatiga producida por la prueba de saltos continuos con contramovimiento de 30 segundos afecta a los valores del FPI, produciendo un aumento de los mismos, pero no es suficiente para modificar la clasificación de la postura del pie en los grupos de pies neutros y pronados estudiados. El tiempo de descanso propuesto no fue suficiente para volver a la situación inicial

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the modification of the Foot Posture Index a stressful situation for the musculature of the lower limb and to value the capacity of recuperation after a period of rest. METHOD: The Foot Posture Index was determined (FPI-6) in 63 healthy adult subjects and they were tested with "continuous counter-movement jumps (CMJ) conducted for 30 seconds". Each subject's FPI-6 was then valued, and again after 15 minutes rest. RESULTS: There were statistically significant changes in the foot posture in both groups when relating the three experimental situations (before and immediately after the test and after the rest). These changes present a strong effect between the basal and post moments, and between the post and rest moments. After the test, there is an increase of the FPI-6 value with respect to the initial situation. After the rest, the changes observed were significant in relation to those obtained after the test with a decrease of the FPI-6 values, although they did not return to the initial values prior to the test. CONCLUSIONS: The fatigue produced by the continuous counter-movement jumps (CMJ) conducted for 30 seconds affects the FPI values, increasing them, but this is not sufficient to modify the foot posture classification in the groups of neutral and pronated feet studied. The time of rest proposed was not enough to return to the initial situation

OBJETIVO: Pretende-se analisar a modificação da postura dos pés ao serem submetidos a uma situação estressante para a musculatura de membros inferiores e avaliar a capacidade de recuperação destes pés após um período de repouso. MÉTODO: Foi determinado o índice de postura do pé (FPI-6) em 63 sujeitos adultos saudáveis que foram submetidos a um teste de "saltos contínuos com contra movimento (CMJ) de 30 segundos de duração". Posteriormente, foi avaliado o FPI-6 de cada sujeito, assim como pós 15 minutos de repouso. RESULTADOS: Houveram mudanças estatisticamente significativas na postura dos pés em ambos os grupos ao relacionar as três situações experimentais (antes, imediatamente após o protocolo de teste e após o repouso). Essas mudanças apresentaram uma magnitude de efeitos forte entre o momento basal e momento pós e entre o pós e o repouso; enquanto que a magnitude foi fraca entre o momento basal e o repouso. Depois do teste houve um aumento do valor de FPI-6 em comparação com a situação inicial. Depois do repouso as mudanças observadas foram significativas em relação àquelas obtidas após o teste com uma redução no valor de FPI-6, embora não tenham retornado aos valores obtidos antes do teste. CONCLUSÃO: A fadiga produzida pelo teste de saltos contínuos com contra movimento (CMJ) de 30 segundos de duração afeta os valores de FPI, resultando em aumento dos mesmos, porém não foi suficiente para modificar a classificação da postura dos pés nos grupos de pés neutros e pronados avaliados. O tempo de descanso proposto não foi suficiente para voltar aos níveis basais

El Índice de Postura del Pie: revisión de la literatura / Foot Posture Index: a literature review / Índice de postura: revisão de literatura

OBJETIVO: Realizar una revisión sobre la herramienta clínica de clasificación de la postura del pie en estática, Índice de Postura del Pie, para una mejor comprensión de su uso y aplicabilidad. MÉTODO: Revisión bibliográfica sobre el "Foot Posture Index". Fueron consultados un total de 48 trabajos entre artículos de revista, libros y tesis doctorales. Se descartaron 18, por no cumplir los criterios de inclusión propuestos. RESULTADOS: Se han utilizado 30 textos en castellano e inglés, en los que se relaciona el Índice de Postura del Pie, su fiabilidad en poblaciones diversas y su uso en el mundo de las Ciencias del Deporte. CONCLUSIONES: El Índice de Postura del Pie es una herramienta fácil, fiable, y validada científicamente. Queda demostrada su aplicabilidad en todo tipo de poblaciones, sin existir limitaciones ante situaciones patológicas del miembro inferior. Existen datos que avalan su uso como predictor de lesiones, así como, para la mejora de las aptitudes del deportista

OBJECTIVE: To carry out a review on the clinical tool of classification of the position of the foot in static, Foot Posture Index, for a better understanding of its use and applicability. METHOD: Bibliographical review on the Foot Posture Index. A total of 48 papers were consulted among journal articles, books and doctoral theses. 18 were discarded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria proposed. RESULTS: 30 texts have been used in Spanish and English, in which the classification of the foot has been related to the Foot Posture Index, its reliability in diverse populations and its use in the world of Sport Sciences. CONCLUSIONS: The Foot Posture Index is an easy, reliable and scientifically validated tool. Its applicability has been demonstrated in all types of populations, without specific limitations to altered or pathological situations of the lower limb. Data have been obtained that support its use as a predictor of injuries, as well as for the improvement of the athlete's abilities

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sobre a ferramenta de classificação clínica Índice de Postura do Pé, para uma melhor compreensão do seu uso e aplicabilidade. MÉTODO: Revisão bibliográfica sobre o "Foot Posture Index". Foram consultados um total de 48 trabalhos entre artigos de revistas, livros e teses de doutorado. Foram descartadas 18, por não cumprir os critérios de inclusão propostos. RESULTADOS: Foram utilizados 30 textos em castelhano e inglês que se relacionaram com o Índice de Postura do Pé, sua fiabilidade em populações diversas e sua utilização no mundo das Ciências do Esporte. CONCLUSÕES: O Índice de Postura do Pé é uma ferramenta fácil, fiável e com validade científica. Sua aplicabilidade é demostrada em todos os tipos de populações, sem existir limitações ante a situações patológicas do membro inferior. Existem dados que avaliam o seu uso como preditor de lesões, assim como, para a melhora da performance desportiva